This is a qualitative test, determining if one or more of 11 common hepatotoxins, produced by cyanobacteria (blue green algae), are present in the sample. Reports will indicate the presence or absence of toxins. These hepatotoxins are primarily microcystins (Genus Microcystis – one of the largest and most common genera of cyanobacteria) and nodularins (Nodularia spumigena – some of the most common late summer cyanobacteria blooms), so it covers toxins produced by some of the largest groups of cyanobacteria. The test can detect cyanotoxin levels below 0.1 µg/L and if there is an immediate danger to fish, livestock, or companion animals due to the presence of these hepatotoxins. The ADL does NOT offer quantitative testing to determine the total quantity of toxins, only if they are present.

It is important to keep in mind that hepatotoxins are not the only toxins that may be produced by cyanobacteria species. Hepatotoxins are highly toxic resulting in severe liver damage and potential failure, but typically require repeated ingestion of contaminated water as the toxins build up in the liver over time and results in death in hours to days.

If a test is negative for hepatotoxins, it does NOT guarantee that the water is free of toxins after the sample was collected.

Other cyanotoxins that this test does NOT address:

• Endotoxins are typically the least toxic and only become problematic after ingesting large quantities of the live cyanobacteria, and typically result in intestinal discomfort, vomiting and diarrhea.
• Cytotoxins are typically low to moderate in toxicity causing minor to moderate irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.
• Neurotoxins are highly toxic and can result in failure of the neurological system resulting in heart cessation and breathing failure in minutes to hours.